Dv/dovi/Dolby vision – proprietary hdr tech, you need hardware that supports it to play properly.
Hdr – High dynamic range, essentially a file with extended brightness, but still needs a monitor / tv with support for it
H264/x264/Avc – older video codec with lots of compatibility. X264 is for compressed video, “encodes”
H265/x265/hevc – newer video codec, better at maintaining quality with compression.
Dd/ddp/dd+/ac3 – Dolby digital audio, usually followed by a number for how many audio track there are for stereo or surround sound.
Dts/dts-hd/dts-hd ma – Various grades of Dolby theater systems audio, ma being the highest as “master audio”
FLAC is free lossless audio codec, you dont see that one too often though.
Aac is a common codec for compressed audio
Xvid/divx – rather old and dated video codec, should probably avoid if looking for quality.